🔹Basics of Digital Electronics

• Number systems (Binary, Hex, Octal)

• Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR)

• Boolean algebra

• Combinational vs Sequential circuits

🔹Introduction to Verilog HDL

• Verilog kya hai aur kyu use hota hai

• Structure of Verilog module

• Data types (wire, reg, integer, parameter)

• Operators (arithmetic, logical, relational)

🔹Modeling Styles in Verilog

• Gate-level modeling

• Dataflow modeling

• Behavioral modeling

🔹Combinational Circuit Design

• Multiplexer, Demultiplexer

• Encoder, Decoder

• Adders (Half, Full, Ripple Carry)

• Comparator

🔹Sequential Circuit Design

• Flip-flops (D, JK, T)

• Registers

• Counters (Up/Down)

• Shift registers

🔹Procedural Blocks

• always block

• initial block

• Blocking vs Non-blocking assignments

• Case & If statements

🔹Finite State Machines (FSM)

• Mealy vs Moore machine

• State diagram & state table

• FSM design using Verilog

🔹Testbench & Simulation

• What is a Testbench

• Stimulus generation

• $display, $monitor

• Simulation tools (ModelSim, Vivado)

🔹Timing & Delays

• #delay

• Timing control

• Race conditions

🛠️ Practical / Lab Work

• Basic gate implementation

• MUX, Adder design

• Counter design

• FSM design

• Testbench writing

• Simulation on tools